Uburayi hamwe n’Amerikakubika ingufuiterambere ryihuse
Intego ya "Bicarbon", ingufu nshya zihagarariwe na PV zabonye iterambere ryihuse muri politiki nziza.Hamwe no gukura kwakubika ingufuikoranabuhanga no kugabanya ibiciro, ibintu byo murugo nabyo bigenda byiyongera mubice byingenzi byo gukoresha ingufu nshya.Cyane cyane ku masoko yo hanze, ibiciro by'amashanyarazi atuye bikomeje kwiyongera mubukungu bwurugokubika ingufu buhoro buhoro bugaragazwa, hamwe n’inkunga y’imari ya guverinoma kugirango irusheho guteza imbere iyamamazwa ryayo ryihuse.
Uhereye ku ruhande rusabwa, ku ruhande rumwe, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi bikomeje kwiyongera gukenewe mu kubika ingufu z’urugo.Kuva amakimbirane y’Uburusiya na Ukraine, ibihugu by’Uburayi byuzuye ibibazo by’ifaranga n’ingufu, ibiciro by’ingufu bikomeje kwiyongera.Nk’uko ihererekanyabubasha ry’imigabane (ICE) ryabereye i Londres, ku ya 22 Kanama, igiciro cy’ibiciro bya gaze gisanzwe cyageze ku madolari 2,861.6 kuri metero kibe 1.000, kikaba ari cyo gitabo cy’ibicuruzwa byinshi by’ibihugu by’i Burayi by’ibicuruzwa bya gazi, bigera ku rwego rwo hejuru kuva mu 1996.Gukomeza gutanga gaze gasanzwe byatumye ibiciro by'amashanyarazi bizamuka.Ibi byashishikarije cyane gukoresha amashanyarazi (PV) kubyara amashanyarazi murugo, no murugokubika ingufu yaturikiye.
Ku rundi ruhande, ingufu nke zitangwa n’amashanyarazi zatumye abaturage bakeneye gutura.Mu mahanga igice cyabaturage cyatatanye, ikiguzi kinini cyo kubaka gride no kuzamura nyuma ni ntege, ubushobozi bwo guhuza imiyoboro ni ntege nke, cyane cyane bitewe n’ikirere gikabije, amashanyarazi menshi manini manini abaho kenshi, guhagarara kw'amashanyarazi kugeza abaturage bakennye.N'urugokubika ingufuIrashobora gutanga ingufu zihutirwa mugihe amashanyarazi rusange yananiwe cyangwa amashanyarazi adahungabana, atezimbere amashanyarazi.
Uhereye kubitangwa, Photovoltaque mubuhanga, ikoreshwa nibindi bice byo gushiraho sisitemu ikuze, no mubice bimwe na bimwe byateye imbere mumahanga bifite umuvuduko mwinshi.Hamwe niterambere rya Photovoltaque kuva ku nkunga yatanzwe, ubwoko bwuzuye bwa enterineti kugera kubukungu bwayo bwite, ubwabyo ubwabyo byifashishije impinduka, bishyigikira icyifuzo cyakubika ingufubuhoro buhoro biza imbere.
Bitewe nicyorezo, ikibazo cyo gutanga amasoko nibindi bintu, urugo rushya kwisikubika ingufuisoko muri 2021 riracyakomeza iterambere ryinshi, hamwe nubunini bushya bwashyizweho bwa 18.3GW bwimishinga yo kubika amashanyarazi ikora, ikiyongeraho 185% umwaka ushize.Muri bo, Uburayi n'urugo rwo muri Amerikakubika ingufumuri 2021, gukuba kabiri umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwumwaka byagaragaje iterambere ryiyongera.2021 Amerika yashyizeho ubushobozi bwakubika ingufuyageze kuri 3.51GW / 10.50GWh, inshuro enye umwaka-ku-mwaka.Amakuru afatika yerekana ko ubushobozi bushya bwashyizweho buzagera kuri 63.4GW / 202.5GWh muri 2021-2026, murirwo rushobora kugera kuri 4.9GW / 14.3GWh.
Amarushanwa akaze hagati yinganda murwego rwurugokubika ingufu
Uruhande rusabwa hamwe nisoko rutanga ubushyuhe bwisoko, kandi ibigo byisi nabyo byihutisha imiterere yurugokubika ingufuumurima.Amakuru afatika yerekana ko urugo rwa TOP3kubika ingufuabatanga isoko muri 2021 ni Tesla, Pylon Technology na BYD, bangana na 18%, 14% na 11%.
Mu rwego rwo gukora ubukungu bwurugokubika ingufubyongeye kugaragara ku isoko, muri Nyakanga uyu mwaka, Tesla yifatanyije na California utanga ingufu za PG&E gukora uruganda rushya rw’amashanyarazi, rutanga abakoresha Powerwall bujuje ibisabwa indishyi zingana na $ 2 kuri kilowati.Biravugwa ko hazaba abakoresha Powerwall 50.000 bemerewe inkunga.Niba tugereranije dukeneye isoko kumashanyarazi numubare wabakoresha Powerwall, burigihe burigihe amashanyarazi yoherejwe, uyakoresha azahabwa amadorari 10-60 yinjiza
Muri icyo gihe, kugira ngo duhangane n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ibikenewe ku isoko, imishinga yo mu gihugu nayo yihutisha kwagura umusaruro.Muri kamena uyu mwaka, Ikoranabuhanga rya Pylon ryihutishije kwagura iherezo ry’ibanze ryateganijwe ryo gutanga imigabane ku kintu runaka cyo gukusanya amafaranga atarenga miliyari 5, kugira ngo ishoramari mu iyubakwa ry’umusaruro w’umwaka wa 10GWh kandi sisitemu yo guteranya umurongo hamwe nibikoresho bifitanye isano, icyicaro gikuru ninganda shingiro ryumushinga nigishoro cyinyongera.
Urundi rugero ni Goodwe umupayiniya murugokubika ingufuinverters, yatangije LynxHome F ikurikirana cyane-voltagekubika ingufubateri zifite igishushanyo mbonera, zishobora kumenya guhuza imbaraga za 6.6-16kWh kwagura ubushobozi bwa bateri, kandi birashobora gutanga ingufu zikomeye zo gutanga amashanyarazi murugo.Isosiyete ya Battery PengHui ingufu muri imwe yaguye kugirango ibe igihugukubika ingufuibicuruzwa byoherejwe muri 2021 inganda za TOP2, byavuzwe mbere, urugo rwikigokubika ingufuibicuruzwa umwaka ushize byatsindiye icyemezo cyu Burayi na Ositaraliya, kandi byabonye ibicuruzwa byinshi.
Urugokubika ingufuinzira "urubura rurerure rwurubura"?
Inganda muri rusange zizera ko uyu mwaka ari umwaka wambere wakubika ingufuisoko.Iterambere ryubu murugokubika ingufu, kugirango aya magambo agenzurwe.Rero, mugihe kirekire, urugokubika ingufuisoko "ahahanamye" kandi bizageza ryari?
Duhereye ku giciro cyo gukoresha amazu, urugokubika ingufun'amafoto yo murugo ashyigikira byinshi mubukungu.Mu myaka ibiri ishize, igipimo cyo gufotora murugo cyiyongereye cyane.Nk’uko imibare ya Infolink ibigaragaza, biteganijwe ko umubare w'abinjira mu ngo muri Amerika no mu Budage winjira muri PV uziyongera uva kuri 3.3% na 11.1% ugera kuri 6.6% na 21.5% mu 2025. Muri icyo gihe kandi, Amerika, Ubudage bwinjira mu bubiko bwa optique bwinjira mu bubiko. gutera imbere, bizaba kuva kuri 0.25% muri 2020, 2,39%, bigere kuri 1.24% muri 2025, 10.02%, kugirango byiyongere inshuro 4.96, inshuro 4.19.
Ububiko bwiza bwo kwinjira bwiyongera, bizazana umwanya witerambere mububiko bwingufu zo murugo.Hamwe n’iyongera ry’imodoka z’amashanyarazi n’ibindi bikoresho by’amashanyarazi, umuturage umuturage akoresha amashanyarazi nayo aziyongera, bityo biteze imbere kongera ingufu za sisitemu imwe yo kubika optique, bizana umwanya munini w’iterambere ry’inganda.
Kugeza ubu, urugo rwisi yosekubika ingufuisoko ryiyongera ryibanda cyane cyane muburayi no muri Amerika bihagarariwe n'Ubudage na Amerika, kandi iterambere ryayo riterwa inkunga na politiki, ibikoresho bya PV byo mu rugo nakubika ingufuigipimo cyo kwinjira cyiyongera. Amakuru ye yerekana ko muri 2020, urugo rwisikubika ingufuyibanda cyane mu Burayi, Ubudage, Ubutaliyani, Ubwongereza, ndetse n'Ubuyapani, Ositaraliya, Amerika n'ibindi, aho urugo ruhuriwehokubika ingufuubushobozi bw'Ubudage, Amerika, Ubuyapani na Ositaraliya umugabane uhuriweho murugokubika ingufuigera kuri 74.8%.
Ukurikije imibare 2021, murugokubika ingufu isoko, Tesla, hamwe nimbaraga zidasanzwe zibicuruzwa ningaruka zabyo, bingana na 15% murugo rwisikubika ingufuisoko, ikurikirwa na Pylon Technology, uruganda ruva mu Bushinwa, rufite umugabane wa 13%.Mubyongeyeho, abakora mu gihugu nka POWER ZIKOMEYE, TITHIUM, SUNGROW, DEYE, Goodwe, sofar New Energy, nibindi nabyo byihutisha imiterere yisoko ryo hanze.
Muri rusange, urugo rwuzuyekubika ingufuharimo na Photovoltaic,kubika ingufuinverter,kubika ingufubateri nibindi bice nibigize nibindi biciro, muribyingenzi cyane nikubika ingufubateri nakubika ingufuinverter.2021 igereranyo cyibikoresho byurugokubika ingufuni hafi 2.8 Yuan / Wh, ukurikije ikubika ingufusisitemu impuzandengo yumwaka igabanuka rya 5% gupima, biteganijwe ko 2025 murugokubika ingufuingano yisoko ingana na miliyari 111.7.
Kuva uyu mwaka, icyifuzo cyakubika ingufuibikoresho mu Burayi byazamutse cyane.Mu rwego rwo kwemeza isoko, Ubushinwakubika ingufuurwego rwinganda narwo rwashubije vuba.Imibare ya gasutamo yerekana ko mu gice cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka, Ubushinwa bwohereza mu mahanga bateri ya lithium-ion bwiyongereyeho 36.8% umwaka ushize, naho ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byiyongereyeho 576.7% umwaka ushize.Kugeza ubu, urugokubika ingufuhamwe na bateri zifite ubushobozi buke zikomeje kuba nke, abakora PV inverter binyuze mumiyoboro yumwimerere yoherejwe nezakubika ingufuibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, kugurisha igiciro ninyungu zo gukomeza urwego rwo hejuru, urugokubika ingufuibicuruzwa bihinduka ingingo yingenzi yo gukura mubikorwa byayo bizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-28-2023