Mu myaka yashize,ingufu z'izubayakiriwe neza cyane nkimwe mubishobora gutanga ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu.Hamwe n’impungenge zigenda ziyongera ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere no gukenera ubundi buryo burambye bw’ibicanwa biva mu kirere,ingufu z'izubayagaragaye nkumuntu ushobora guhindura umukino.Ariko se ni bangahe dukeneye gukoresha ingufu z'izuba, kandi birashobora rwose kuba isoko yiganjemo ingufu z'ejo hazaza?
Izuba ni isoko yingufu nyinshi, ikomeza kumurika hafi terawatt 173.000ingufu z'izubaku Isi.Mubyukuri, isaha imwe yumucyo wizuba irahagije kugirango isi yose imere umwaka.Nyamara, hari imbogamizi nyinshi mugukoresha neza izo mbaraga no kuzihindura amashanyarazi akoreshwa.
Kugeza ubu,ingufu z'izubaibara igice gito gusa cyumusaruro wingufu kwisi.Nk’uko ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu kibitangaza, ingufu z'izubabangana na 2.7% gusa by’amashanyarazi ku isi muri 2019. Iri tandukaniro ahanini riterwa nigiciro kinini cyumuriro wizuba hamwe nigihe cyizuba ryizuba.Imikorere yizuba ryizuba nayo igira uruhare runini muguhitamo ingufu zizuba zikoreshwa neza.Nubwo iterambere rya tekinoloji riherutse, impuzandengo yimikorere yizuba ikomeza kuba 15-20%.
Ariko, hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga ryizuba no kugabanuka kwibiciro,ingufu z'izuba ni buhoro buhoro kuba amahitamo meza.Igiciro cy'imirasire y'izuba cyaragabanutse cyane mu myaka icumi ishize, bituma kiboneka mu ngo nyinshi no mu bucuruzi.Kubera iyo mpamvu, imirasire y'izuba ikomeje kwiyongera, cyane cyane mu bihugu bifite politiki nziza ya guverinoma no kubishishikariza.
Byongeye kandi, iterambere rya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu nka bateri ikemura ikibazo cyizuba rimwe na rimwe.Izi sisitemu zirashobora kubika ingufu zirenze zitangwa kumanywa no kuzikoresha mugihe cyizuba gito cyangwa ntizuba.Kubwibyo,ingufu z'izubairashobora gukoreshwa niyo hataba urumuri rwizuba, bigatuma isoko yizewe kandi ihamye.
Ubushobozi bwaingufu z'izubaguhinduka imbaraga ziganje mu gihe kizaza nta gushidikanya.Usibye kuba umutungo ushobora kuvugururwa kandi mwinshi,ingufu z'izubaifite inyungu nyinshi kubidukikije.Ntabwo itanga imyuka ihumanya ikirere mugihe ikora, igabanya cyane ikirere cya karubone ugereranije n’ibicanwa by’ibinyabuzima.Imirasire y'izuba nayo ifite ubushobozi bwo kuzamura ingufu mu turere twa kure aho imiyoboro gakondo idashobora.
Ibihugu byinshi byamenye ubushobozi bwaingufu z'izubakandi bashizeho intego zikomeye zo kongera uruhare rwabo mu kuvanga ingufu.Kurugero, Ubudage burateganya kubyara 65% byamashanyarazi bituruka kumasoko yingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, ahoingufu z'izubaigira uruhare runini.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, Ubuhinde bufite intego yo kubyara 40% by'ingufu ziva mu masoko ashobora kuvugururwa mu 2030, hibandwa ku mbaraga z'izuba.
Mugihe ingufu z'izuba zifite ibyiza byazo, inzibacyuho yuzuye kuriingufu z'izubabizakenera ishoramari rikomeye mubikorwa remezo nubushakashatsi.Gutezimbere imirasire yizuba ikora neza hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya gride, ni ngombwa.Byongeye kandi, guverinoma n’abashinzwe gufata ingamba bagomba gukomeza gushyigikira izamuka ry’izuba binyuze mu gushimangira imari.
Mu gusoza,ingufu z'izubaifite amahirwe menshi yo kuba isoko nyamukuru yingufu mugihe kizaza.Nibihagijeingufu z'izubakuboneka no gutera imbere mubushobozi bwikoranabuhanga nubukungu,ingufu z'izubani guhinduka cyane.Ariko, ihinduka rikomeye risaba ishoramari rirambye ninkunga yo gutsinda ibibazo bihari.Gukorera hamwe,ingufu z'izubaIrashobora guha inzira inzira isukuye, irambye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-22-2023