Iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu myaka yashize kubera impungenge zatewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ndetse no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.Amashanyarazi ya Photovoltaque nisoko yingufu zishobora gukurura abantu benshi.Amashusho, bakunze kwita imirasire y'izuba, gukoresha urumuri rw'izuba no kuyihindura amashanyarazi.Ariko ni ayahe mateka inyuma yubu buhanga budasanzwe?
imizi yaAmashusho irashobora guhera mu kinyejana cya 19, igihe umuhanga mu bya fiziki w’Abafaransa Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel yavumbuyeYamazakiIngaruka muri 1839. Becquerel yavumbuye ko ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bitanga amashanyarazi mato iyo ahuye numucyo.Nubwo ibyo yavumbuye byari intandaro, byafashe imyaka mirongo kugirango abahanga nabavumbuzi bashakishe byimazeyo ubushobozi bwiki kintu.
Byihuse kugeza 1873, kandi injeniyeri w’amashanyarazi mu Bwongereza Willoughby Smith yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gufotora.Smith yavumbuye ko imiti ya seleniyumu ifiteYamazakiimitungo.Ubu buvumbuzi bwatumye habaho iterambere rya selile yambere yizuba ya seleniyumu, yakoraga cyane muguhindura urumuri rwizuba mumashanyarazi.
IbigezwehoYamazakiibihe byatangiye mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 n'ibikorwa bya Albert Einstein, we wasobanuye ingaruka z'amashanyarazi mu 1905 yashyizeho urufatiro rw'imyumvire yo gusobanukirwa imyitwarire y'umucyo n'ibisekuruza byaYamazakiamashanyarazi.Ariko, gushyira mubikorwa ubu bumenyi biracyari kure yukuri.
Mu myaka ya za 1950 na 1960, isosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ubushakashatsi n'iterambere Bell Labs yashoye imari cyaneYamazakiubushakashatsi no gutera imbere cyane.Mu 1954, abajenjeri ba laboratoire bavumbuye silikoni ya mbere ifatikaYamazakiselire.Batare yageze ku mbaraga zingana na 6%, byerekana intambwe ikomeye mumurima.Ubushakashatsi bwakurikiyeho hamwe nudushya twikoranabuhanga byongereye urwego rwimikorere kandi bigabanya ibiciro byinganda mumyaka iri imbere.
Isiganwa ry’ikirere hagati y’Amerika na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti mu gihe cy’intambara y'ubutita ryarushijeho guteza imbere iterambereYamazakikubyara ingufu.Ibihugu byombi bisaba ingufu zoroheje kandi zizewe kuri satelite hamwe nicyogajuru.Nkigisubizo,Yamazakiingirabuzimafatizo zabaye intangarugero mu butumwa bwo mu kirere, kandi Pioneer 1, yoherejwe mu 1958, nicyo cyogajuru cya mbere cyakoresheje imirasire y'izuba mu gukoresha ibikoresho byacyo.
Ikibazo cya peteroli mu myaka ya za 70 cyabaye umusemburo witerambereYamazakikubyara ingufu.Mugihe isoko gakondo yingufu ziba ingume kandi zihenze, leta nabashinzwe ibidukikije bahindukirira ingufu zizuba nkigisubizo kiboneye.Tanga inkunga, inguzanyo zumusoro ninkunga yubushakashatsi kugirango uteze imbere kandi bihendutse byikoranabuhanga ryizuba.Iki gihe cyagaragaye cyo kubara amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, amasaha, no gucuruza ibicuruzwa bito.
Amashushokubyara amashanyarazi byateye imbere cyane mu kinyejana cya 21 kubera iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga no kongera ubumenyi ku kamaro k’ingufu zishobora kubaho.Imirasire y'izuba uyumunsi irakora neza kandi ihendutse kuruta mbere hose, bigatuma iba inzira nziza yo kwakirwa henshi.Guverinoma ku isi zirimo gushora imari mu mishinga minini y’izuba, kandi imirasire y'izuba hamwe n’izuba hejuru y’izuba byabaye akamenyero.
Inkomoko yamateka yaAmashusho garagaza ubuhanga no kwihangana kwabahanga nabavumbuzi mumyaka.Amashushotekinoroji igeze kure kuva kuvumburwa kwambere kwaYamazakiIngaruka mubikorwa bifatika byingirabuzimafatizo zizuba mumwanya.Mugihe duharanira kwimukira mubihe bizaza,Amashushonta gushidikanya ko izagira uruhare runini mugukemura ibibazo dukeneye mugihe tugabanya ikirere cyacu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-30-2023