Ingirabuzimafatizo, bizwi kandi nk'izuba, byahindutse uruhare rukomeye mu rwego rw'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa.Ibi bikoresho byahinduye uburyo dukoresha ingufu zizuba kugirango tubyare amashanyarazi.Muri iyi ngingo, tuzacengera mu isi ishimishije yaingirabuzimafatizono gucukumbura uburyo zitanga amashanyarazi.
Hagati ya selile yifotora ni ibikoresho bya semiconductor, mubisanzwe bikozwe muri silicon.Iyo fotone ivuye kumirasire yizuba ikubise hejuru ya selile, itera electron mubikoresho, bigatuma bitandukanya na atome.Iyi nzira yitwa ingaruka ya Photovoltaque.
Kugirango wungukire kuri electron zasohotse, bateri zubatswe mubice bifite imiterere itandukanye.Igice cyo hejuru gikozwe mubikoresho byabugenewe kugirango bikurure izuba.Munsi yiki gice nigice gikora, kigizwe nibikoresho bya semiconductor.Igice cyo hasi, cyitwa inyuma cyitumanaho, gifasha gukusanya electron no kuzimura hanze ya selire.
Iyo urumuri rw'izuba rwinjiye murwego rwo hejuru rw'akagari, rushimisha electron muri atome y'ibikoresho bya semiconductor.Izi electron zishimye noneho zirashobora kugenda mubuntu mubikoresho.Ariko, kugirango ubyare amashanyarazi, electron zigomba gutembera mubyerekezo runaka.
Aha niho amashanyarazi muri selire aje gukina.Ibikoresho bya semiconductor murwego rukora byuzuyemo umwanda kugirango habeho ubusumbane bwa electron.Ibi birema ibintu byiza kuruhande rumwe rwa bateri hamwe nuburyo bubi kurundi ruhande.Imipaka iri hagati yuturere twombi yitwa pn ihuza.
Iyo electron ishimishijwe na foton ikitandukanya na atome yayo, iba ikwegeye kuruhande rwakagari.Iyo igenda yerekeza muri kariya gace, isiga "umwobo" ushizwemo neza.Uku kugenda kwa electron nu mwobo bitera amashanyarazi muri bateri.
Ariko, mubuntu bwabo, electron ntishobora gukoreshwa mugukoresha ibikoresho byo hanze.Kugirango bakoreshe imbaraga zabo, ibyuma bihuza bishyirwa hejuru no hepfo ya selile.Iyo abayobora bahujwe niyi mibonano, electron zinyura mumuzunguruko, zikora amashanyarazi.
Akagari kamwe ka Photovoltaque gatanga amashanyarazi make ugereranije.Kubwibyo, selile nyinshi zahujwe hamwe kugirango zikore igice kinini cyitwa izuba cyangwa module.Izi panne zirashobora guhuzwa murukurikirane cyangwa kubangikanye kugirango wongere voltage nibisohoka, bitewe nibisabwa na sisitemu.
Amashanyarazi amaze kubyara, arashobora gukoreshwa mugukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye nibikoresho.Muri sisitemu ihujwe na gride, amashanyarazi arenze akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba arashobora kugaburirwa muri gride, bikabura ibikenerwa kubyara peteroli.Muri sisitemu yihagararaho, nk'iyakoreshejwe mu turere twa kure, amashanyarazi yatanzwe arashobora kubikwa muri bateri kugirango akoreshwe nyuma.
Ingirabuzimafatizotanga icyatsi kibisi, kirambye kandi gishobora kuvugururwa kubyo dukeneye ingufu.Bafite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya cyane kwishingikiriza ku bicanwa by’ibinyabuzima no kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije zituruka ku mashanyarazi.Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, dushobora kubonaingirabuzimafatizobarusheho gukora neza kandi bihendutse, ubigire igice cyibice byimiterere yacu izaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-27-2023