Muri iki gihe isi irimo gutera imbere byihuse, amasoko y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu nkizuba ryiyongera cyane.Nkuko abafite amazu benshi nubucuruzi bashora imari muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi (PV), gusobanukirwa numuyoboro wogukwirakwiza hamwe nakamaro kayo murwego rwizuba biba ingenzi.Iyi ngingo igamije gutanga ibisobanuro byuzuye byimiyoboro ikwirakwizwa nubusabane bwabo kugabanwasisitemu yo gufotora.
1. Umuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza ni iki?
- Imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza, izwi kandi nka gride y'amashanyarazi cyangwa umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, ni urusobe rw'imirongo ikwirakwiza, transformateur, insimburangingo, n'ibindi bikoresho byohereza no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ku baguzi.
- Huza amasoko atandukanye yumuriro nkamashanyarazi kandi ukwirakwize ingufu zingufu kubakoresha kugirango barebe amashanyarazi yizewe kandi neza.
2. Ibigize umuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza:
- Imirongo yohereza: Imirongo ya voltage nini ishinzwe gutwara amashanyarazi kure.
- Substation: Ikigo gifite ibikoresho bya transformateur bigabanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi mbere yo gukwirakwizwa.
- Imirongo yo gukwirakwiza: Imirongo ya voltage ntoya itwara amashanyarazi kubakoresha amaherezo, harimo amazu, ubucuruzi, ninganda.
3. Uruhare rwa sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amafoto:
- Yatanzwesisitemu yo gufotorabigizwe nimirasire yizuba yashyizwe hejuru yinzu cyangwa hasi yashyizwe kumitungo bwite itanga amashanyarazi aturuka kumirasire y'izuba.
- Izi sisitemu zigaburira amashanyarazi zitanga mu buryo butaziguye mu gukwirakwiza imiyoboro kugira ngo ikoreshwe n'abaguzi hafi.
- Bagira uruhare mu gutanga amashanyarazi muri rusange, kugabanya gushingira ku mashanyarazi gakondo y’ibicanwa no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya.
4. Isano iri hagati yo gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza sisitemu yo gufotora:
- Imbaraga zinyuranye zitemba: Imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza yemerera imbaraga gutembera mubyerekezo byombi, bigafasha gukwirakwizwasisitemu yo gufotorakohereza ingufu zirenze kuri gride mugihe cyo kubyara impinga no kuyikuramo ingufu mugihe amashanyarazi yizuba adahagije.
- Umuyoboro wa gride: Yatanzwesisitemu yo gufotoraigomba guhuzwa nogukwirakwiza gride ikoresheje inverter, ihindura ingufu za DC zitangwa nizuba ryizuba mumashanyarazi ya AC yujuje ibisobanuro bya gride ya voltage.
- Metering netering: Inkiko nyinshi zitanga gahunda yo gupima net aho ba nyiri sisitemu ya PV bagabanijwe bashobora guhabwa inguzanyo cyangwa indishyi z'amashanyarazi arenze urugero yatanzwe kuri gride, bikagabanya neza fagitire yingufu.
- Imiyoboro ihamye kandi yizewe: Kwishyira hamwe kugabanijwesisitemu yo gufotoramugukwirakwiza gride izana imbogamizi mugutegeka voltage, ubwiza bwamashanyarazi hamwe na gride itajegajega.Nyamara, hamwe na tekinoroji ya gride yubuhanga, sisitemu yo kugenzura igezweho hamwe nigisubizo cyo gucunga imiyoboro, ibyo bibazo birashobora kugabanywa.
Nkuko byatanzwesisitemu yo gufotora kumenyekana cyane, gusobanukirwa urusaku rwo gukwirakwiza nubusabane bwarwo nizuba rirakomeye.Ikwirakwizwa rya gride ninkingi yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza, mugihe yatanzwesisitemu yo gufotoraKugira uruhare mu kubyara ingufu zisukuye kandi zishobora kuvugururwa.Gusobanukirwa umubano wabo uhuza bituma twegera ejo hazaza h’ingufu zirambye kandi zegerejwe abaturage zigabanya gushingira ku bicanwa biva mu kirere no kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-23-2023